燕山中部大地热流及岩石圈热结构特征——以承德市七家- 茅荆坝地热田为例     

刘峰  王贵玲  张薇  岳晨  陆川  黄起伟  欧小科 《地质学报》2020,94(7):1950-1959

燕山中部地区地热资源丰富,地热地质条件较好,但该地区大地热流测量工作较少,岩石圈热结构研究尚未开展,制约了该地区的地热地质研究与资源勘探开发。本文以该地区的七家-茅荆坝地热田为典型区,结合地温测井、取样测试、数据收集与分析,初步查明燕山中部大地热流特征及浅部-深部岩层热物性特征,填补了大地热流值测量空白区,在此基础上建立了研究区热结构概念模型,估算其深部地温分布。研究得出燕山中部大地热流值变化较大,平均约57 mW/m~2,与周边温泉水温存在较好的相关关系。其中七家-茅荆坝地热田大地热流值较高,为74.9 mW/m~2。通过深部地温分布计算得出七家—茅荆坝地区居里面埋深为21.5～22.8 km,莫霍面温度约815℃,分析结果与前人研究成果较为一致,验证了本文所建立岩石圈热结构模型的准确性。  相似文献   

新疆北部弧-盆转化体系下铁氧化物-铜-金矿床的流体演化特征:来自卤族元素和稀有气体同位素的证据     

梁培  陈华勇  赵联党  Kendrick MARK  江宏君  张维峰  吴超  谢玉玲 《地学前缘》2020,27(3):239-253

东准噶尔北缘和东天山雅满苏带是中国新疆北部地区两个重要的晚古生代铁氧化物-铜-金矿化潜力区,以老山口、乔夏哈拉和黑尖山矿床作为典型矿床代表。研究表明两区域的铁氧化物-铜-金矿床均产出于盆地闭合的弧盆转化体系下,且具有明显的铁、铜-金两阶段矿化。卤族元素和稀有气体同位素作为可靠的流体示踪剂,被应用于探究这一特定构造环境下的铁氧化物-铜-金矿床的流体演化和矿床成因。结果显示老山口、乔夏哈拉和黑尖山矿床的成矿流体具有明显的混合流体端员特征:(1)岩浆流体端员,主要参与黑尖山矿床磁铁矿阶段,I/Cl、Br/Cl和⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar比值分别为(16.3~18.0)×10^-6、(1.03~1.06)×10^-3和352~437;(2)海水表源蒸发成因盐卤水端员,主要参与老山口矿床铜-金矿化阶段,I/Cl、Br/Cl和⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar比值分别为(77.1~87.7)×10^-6、(1.53~1.80)×10^-3和672~883;(3)蒸发岩溶解或者深度水-岩反应成因的盐卤水/沉积岩地层水端员,主要参与到老山口、乔夏哈拉矿床的磁铁矿阶段以及黑尖山、乔夏哈拉矿床的铜-金矿化阶段,综合I/Cl、Br/Cl和⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar比值分别为(477~26 301)×10^-6、(0.39~1.28)×10^-3和288~510。明显的多阶段矿化和铜-金矿化阶段以非岩浆富Ca高盐度卤水为主的特征与世界范围内的IOCG型矿床极为相似,表明新疆北部的铁氧化物-铜-金矿床应为IOCG型矿床。  相似文献   

云南省新平县哀牢山地区富硒土壤成因及其影响因素研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄钊  陈政  薛传东  刀艳  许胜超  代达龙  吴松 《现代地质》2020,34(3):609-617

以云南省新平县者竜—戛洒地区1∶5万土地质量地球化学调查评价结果为基础,对该地区富硒土壤的成因及其影响因素进行分析,结果表明,研究区土壤硒平均含量为0.38 mg/kg,高于全国土壤硒平均含量0.29 mg/kg,按0.4 mg/kg相似文献   

西太平洋Y3海山对营养盐的影响及其生态环境效应     

马骏  宋金明  李学刚  袁华茂  李宁  段丽琴  王启栋 《地学前缘》2020,27(4):322-331

作为大洋典型地貌特征的海山,其邻近的海洋生境并不被人熟知。依据2014年冬季对热带西太平洋Y3海山及其邻近海域的综合调查,首次探讨了该海山区海水中营养盐的分布特征及其与生态环境的耦合关系。结果表明Y3海山区是典型的热带寡营养海域。在50~125 m的深度,温跃层和高盐区双重作用对底部高浓度营养盐向上输送的阻碍,是导致真光层上部营养盐浓度较低的重要原因;同时,浮游植物和异养细菌的消耗也加剧了该区域营养盐的缺乏。Y3海山突出的地形地貌对营养盐的分布产生重要的影响,海山对流经的海流产生阻碍,形成上升流,使底部高浓度的营养盐突破温跃层和高盐区的阻碍向上输送,从而使海山周围营养盐的平均浓度高于远离海山的海域。相关性分析显示,Y3海山区真光层中营养盐浓度与温度、盐度、叶绿素a浓度和异养细菌丰度分别呈负相关、正相关、负相关(除NO₂-N外)和负相关关系。海山区特殊的营养盐分布及其与生态环境的耦合是其成为一种独特的大洋生态系统的重要因素。  相似文献   

甘肃迭部地区地质遗迹资源类型与开发利用及保护     

李小强  闫少波  脱世博  王军  任文秀  刘明强  李通国 《地质论评》2020,66(6):1719-1728

通过调查研究发现甘肃迭部地区地质遗迹资源涵盖3大类7类13亚类，尤以碳酸盐岩（岩溶地貌）、峡谷及冰川地貌等资源最为典型。区内数量繁多且独具特色的地质遗迹资源，是对中生代以来青藏高原东北缘地区沉积地层演化与区域构造—气候耦合过程中的重要地质事件的灵敏反映与记录者。提出了以政府引导与规范管理、协调统一与科学规划及品牌宣传的保护与开发利用建议，可为政府对迭部地区旅游产业整体规划、发展、决策和生态环境保护等提供依据，为开发这一地区的旅游资源提供引导。  相似文献   

Microstructure Evolution of Organic Matter and Clay Minerals in Shales with Increasing Thermal Maturity     

GU Yuantao  LI Xiaoxi  YANG Shuguang  WAN Quan 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(2):280-289

As the two important components of shale, organic matter(OM) and clay minerals are usually thought to strongly influence the hydrocarbon generation, enrichment and exploitation. The evolution process of OM and clay minerals as well as their interrelationship over a wide range of thermal maturities are not completely clear. Taking Yanchang(T_3y), Longmaxi(S_1l) and Niutitang(?_1n) shales as examples, we have studied the microstructure characteristics of OM and clay minerals in shales with different thermal maturities. The effects of clay minerals and OM on pores were reinforced through sedimentation experiments. Using a combination of field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM) and low-pressure N_2 adsorption, we investigated the microstructure differences among the three shales. The results showed that both OM and clay minerals have strong effects on pores, and small mesopore(2–20 nm) is the dominant pore component for all three samples. However, the differences between the three samples are embodied in the distribution of pore size and the location. For the T_3y shale, clay minerals are loosely arranged and develop large amounts of pores, and fine OM grains often fill in intergranular minerals or fractures. Widespread OM pores distribute irregularly in S_1l shale, and most of the pores are elliptical and nondirectional. The ?_1n shale is characterized by the preferred orientational OM-clay aggregates, and lots of pores in the composites are in the mesopore range, suggesting that over maturity lead to the collapse and compaction of pores under huge pressure of strata. The results of the current research imply that with increasing thermal maturity, OM pores are absent at low maturity(T_3y), are maximized at high maturity(S_1l) and are destroyed or compacted at over-mature stage(?_1n). Meanwhile, clay minerals have gone through mineral transformation and orientational evolution. The interaction of the two processes makes a significant difference to the microstructure evolution of OM and clay minerals in shale, and the findings provide scientific foundation in better understanding diagenetic evolution and hydrocarbon generation of shale.  相似文献   

Nature and Evolution of Pre-Neoproterozoic Continental Crust in South China: A Review and Tectonic Implications     

WANG Kai  DONG Shuwen  YAO Weihu  ZHAO Tianyu 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(6):1731-1756

South China as an amalgamation of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks is composed of Archean to Mesoproterozoic basement overlain by Neoproterozoic and younger cover. Both the constituent Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks contain well-preserved Neoproterozoic rocks that have been extensively studied in terms of the age and tectonic nature, but less is known about their earlier crustal history due to the incomplete rock record. Recent efforts in investigating the yet survived crustal nature based on isotopic and elemental signatures preserved in igneous and sedimentary rocks have steadily improved our knowledge about the pre-Neoproterozoic continental crustal evolution in South China. In this paper, we summarize the up-to-date pre-Neoproterozoic records, including petrological, geochronological, geochemical and geophysical data, across South China, and discuss its spatiotemporal patterns of the pre-Neoproterozoic crust and the relevant tectonic events. While the xenocrystic/inherited and detrital zircon records suggest widespread Archean (mainly ca. 2.5 Ga) crustal components within both the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks, exposed Archean rocks are only limited to isolated crustal provinces in the Yangtze Block. These Archean rocks are dominated by TTGs (tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite) with varied ages (3.3–2.5 Ga) and zircon Hf isotopes, indicating a compositionally heterogeneous nature of the Archean Yangtze Block and, by inference, the development of multiple ancient terranes. The early Paleoproterozoic (2.4–2.2 Ga) tectonomagmatic events characterize the western Yangtze Block and are supportive of an east-west subdivision of the Yangtze basement, whereas the late Paleoproterozoic (2.1–1.7 Ga) orogeneses may have affected a larger area covering both the western and eastern parts of the Yangtze Block, and also the Cathaysia Block. The eastern Yangtze Block with generally northeastward-younging late Paleoproterozoic magmatism and metamorphism likely experienced a prolonged 2.05–1.75 Ga orogenic process welding the various Archean proto-continents, consistent with the documentation of a buried late Paleoproterozoic orogenic belt imaged by deep seismic profiling from its central part and of a slightly older ophiolitic mélange in the northern part. The Cathaysia Block was probably involved in a short-lived 1.9–1.8 Ga orogenic event. The two orogeneses overlapped in time and may have contributed to the cratonization of a possible unified South China, and are referred to be linked with the assembly of the Nuna Supercontinent. The subsequent late Paleoproterozoic to early Mesoproterozoic rift successions and intrusions (1.7–1.5 Ga) in the southwestern Yangtze Block, and the ca. 1.43 Ga rifting in Hainan Island of the Cathaysia Block could be responses to the Nuna break-up. Late Mesoproterozoic (1.2–1.0 Ga) magmatism of varied age and nature in different localities of the Yangtze Block is reflective of a complex tectonic process in the context of the assembly of the Rodinia Supercontinent. Similar-aged metamorphism (1.3–1.0 Ga) is recorded in Hainan Island, reflecting the Grenvillian continental collision during the Rodinia assembly, but further studies are necessary to better constrain the late Mesoproterozoic tectonic framework of South China.  相似文献   

超高压变质带金刚石研究进展     

王晓赛  杜瑾雪  史本巽  王仕林 《岩石矿物学杂志》2020,39(2):183-194

金刚石在自然界中非常稀缺,是极其珍贵的矿产资源。其中,变质成因的金刚石陆续在世界范围内多个超高压变质带被发现,更新了人们对超高压变质作用和板块构造运动的认识,推动了超高压变质带动力学的研究,引起了学术界的广泛关注。然而,对于变质成因金刚石的形成机制,还未形成一致的认识。本文在综述前人研究成果的基础上,介绍了金刚石形成的大地构造背景,研究了其形成所需的地质环境和物理化学条件,并着重对超高压变质带金刚石成因机制进行了探讨,全面分析了温压条件、XCO2、fO2对变质成因金刚石形成的影响。对比发现,当变质作用的峰期压力达到金刚石稳定域且具有较高的温度时(压力>3 GPa,温度为600~1000℃),有利于金刚石的形成,C-O-H流体中的较高CO2含量和较低氧逸度也是超高压变质带金刚石形成的必需因素。另外,金刚石形成后折返早期的降温作用有利于其保存。  相似文献   

浅析广安华蓥山区山水林田湖综合治理措施——以高顶山矿区为例     

李飞  裴云婧  王维  李德星  张春茂 《四川地质学报》2020,40(1):80-85

高顶山矿区位于广安华蓥市城区东南约5km处。长期的采矿活动,导致区内矿山地质环境问题突出,严重影响华蓥山地区人民的生命财产安全。矿山地质环境问题亟待解决。本文通过分析区内主要存在的矿山地质环境问题,提出通过矿山地质灾害、矿山土地恢复、矿山地形地貌景观恢复治理,河道综合整治、道路修复、生态保育、产业提升等措施;消除安全隐患,保障区内人民生命财产安全;改善生态环境,实现华蓥山地区生态环境全面恢复,生态环境质量提升,提高环境承载力,实现区内"山青、水秀、林美、田良"的目标。并对区内的产业转型升级进行了探讨,提出将高顶山矿区建设成具有科普和教育价值的旅游景观目的地;利用矿区独具特色工业人文景观和别致的自然景观,将高顶山矿区建设成集"科普、休闲、康养、户外、探秘"五大功能于一体的矿山公园,推动矿业经济转型升级,促进产业结构转型和经济社会可持续发展。  相似文献   

渭河盆地地温场分布规律及其控制因素     

任战利  刘润川  任文波  祁凯  杨桂林  崔军平  杨鹏  张园园 《地质学报》2020,94(7):1938-1949

本文以渭河盆地地温场为研究对象,在收集补充新地热井资料及分析测试样品的基础上,通过盆地深部结构、构造特征、地温场特征、热储层特征、地热资源量等分析,建立了盆地不同岩性岩石热导率与深度关系图版,确定了盆地地温场变化规律及地热田控制因素,提出了渭河盆地地热田形成模式。评价了盆地地热资源有利区,为盆地后续的开发利用提供了理论支持。研究认为渭河盆地热地温梯度分布在2.34～5.85℃/100m之间,平均地温梯度为3.50℃/100m,代表性大地热流68.33mw/m~2,地温梯度及不同深度地层温度具有东高西低、南高北低的特点。热导率总体上具有随深度的增加,逐渐增大的规律,热导率随深度增加主要受压实程度增强控制。相同深度条件下泥岩热导率最低,砂岩热导率居中、白云岩热导率最高。渭河盆地主要为层状地热田,盆地内地热通过热传导及热对流两种方式进行传递,以热传导为主。渭河盆地地热资源丰富,热储层可分为三种类型:①新生界砂岩孔隙型;②下古生界碳酸盐岩岩溶型;③断裂型。渭河盆地地热资源有利区主要分布于西安凹陷、固市凹陷。盆地地温场及地热田分布与莫霍面、软流圈上隆、岩石圈厚度减薄的深部背景密切相关,主要受地热传导和深大断裂热对流控制,是岩石圈深部结构、盆地构造、基底岩性、储盖组合等多因素共同作用下形成的。最后结合当前渭河盆地地热资源开发利用现状及存在问题,提出了地热开发利用建议。  相似文献